Hazardous Household Substances: Alternatives That Are Relatively Free of Toxic Effects

Risk assessment of hazardous impacts on urbanization and industrialization activities based upon toxic substances

A risk assessment study was conducted to predict the expected hazardous influence on the ecosystem resulted from urbanization and industrialization activities at Helwan area, Egypt. To achieve these goals, soils, plants and water samples were collected from Helwan area, and their total concentrations of inorganic contaminants (Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and organic pollutants; such...

Chemical “ Substances ” That Are Not “ Chemical Substances ”

The main scientific problems of chemical bonding were solved half a century ago, but adequate philosophical understanding of chemical combination is yet to be achieved. Chemists routinely use important terms (“element,” “atom,” “molecule,” “substance”) with more than one meaning. This can lead to misunderstandings. Eliminativists claim that what seems to be a baseball breaking a window is merel...

Effects of toxic substances on female reproduction

Successful reproduction requires a complex series of interdependent physiological, cellular and molecular events. In the female many of these interdependent events are vulnerable to interruption by xenobiotic compounds. The physiological steps in the female reproductive cycle are reviewed. Selected xenobiotics which interrupt this cycle are presented and their mechanisms and site of adverse eff...

Hazardous Substances and Activities

Ozone-Depleting Substances: Alternatives

Surrounding the earth at a height of about 25 kilometers is the stratosphere, rich in ozone, which prevents the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV-B) rays from reaching the earth. UV-B rays have an adverse effect on all living organisms, including marine life, crops, animals and birds, and humans. In humans, UV-B is known to affect the immune system; to cause skin cancer, eye damage, and cataracts; ...